Guarda y custodia hijos no matrimoniales
En el pasado post hablábamos de la diferencia entre patria potestad y guardia y custodia.
En el día de hoy veremos que sucede con ello en casos de separación de los progenitores no unidos por vínculo matrimonial.
Cada día es más frecuente que nazcan hijos de parejas que no han formalizado su relación a través de matrimonio y que, finalmente, estas parejas rompan su vínculo afectivo.
Ante esta situación debemos hacernos las siguientes preguntas:
1.- ¿Se les da el mismo trato a los hijos matrimoniales que a los no matrimoniales?
Sí, nuestra Ley de Enjuiciamiento Civil no prevé ninguna diferencia entre ambos y así falla la sentencia de fecha 07 de Junio de 2.004 del Tribunal Supremo al indicar que «en la adopción de las medidas a tomar respecto de los hijos menores de edad, sean matrimoniales o no matrimoniales, es preponderante el interés de los hijos, cuya protección se encomienda al juzgador y así se establece en el art. 158 del Código Civil, al facultar al Juez para que, de oficio, adopte las medidas en él contempladas, e, igualmente, en el art. 91 se impone al Juez la obligación de adoptar las medidas pertinentes, a falta de acuerdo entre los cónyuges, principio que es aplicable fuera de los procesos matrimonial[…]
2.- ¿Qué proceso judicial resuelve acerca de las medidas a adoptar en estos casos?
El art. 769 y siguientes de la LEC a través de la cual se establece que medidas se han de adoptar en casos de divorcio también es de aplicación a este supuesto puesto que abarca el tema de la situación de los menores.
Se diferencian ambos procesos en que en el que no hay vínculo matrimonial sólo se tratan las medidas a adoptar en cuanto a los menores habidos dentro de la pareja mientras que el divorcio se tratan todos los aspectos económicos de la vida en común.
3.- Tipos de procedimientos.
- Amistoso
Se trata de un procedimiento de mutuo acuerdo donde serán los miembros de la pareja los que aporten al juzgado en convenio regulador con las medidas a adoptar.
- Contencioso
Cuando no hay acuerdo entre las partes será el juez quien declare las medidas que se aplicarán respecto a la guarda y custodia, patria potestad, pensión de alimentos, régimen visitas, comunicación y estancia.
4.- Juzgado competente.
Es probable que tras la separación de la pareja uno de ellos se traslade a un lugar distinto del que había residido con su pareja.
Por este motivo pueden surgir dudas acerca de que juzgado debe de conocer el asunto.
De nuevo, el art. 769 de la EC resuelve esta cuestión al indicar que
En los procesos que versen exclusivamente sobre guarda y custodia de hijos menores o sobre alimentos reclamados por un progenitor contra el otro en nombre de los hijos menores será competente:
1.- El juzgado de primera instancia del lugar del último domicilio común de los progenitores.
2.- En el caso de residir los progenitores en distintos partidos judiciales, será tribunal competente a elección del demandante, el del domicilio del demandado o el de la residencia del menor.
Si quiere consultar cualquier duda o encargarnos algún asunto no dude en contactarnos en el email tamara@tamaralopezabogado.com o en el teléfono 661.115.965
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